Showing posts with label sutra. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sutra. Show all posts

Tuesday, 26 May 2020

Buddhist sutras for copying.

Chinese Buddhists, copying Buddhist texts and images is an act of merit. A Chinese source, enumerates the various [meta]physical benefits of doing so:
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Such an injunction does not specify the mode of reproduction. The above text is inserted into printed editions of Buddhist works. However, it seems the act of copying the Sutras by hand is gaining popularity. Publishers of Buddhist books have thus published editions to facilitate this act of devotion.  They are called "手抄本" -- Edition [for] manuscript 


The Left-hand page above is the start of Infinite Life Sutra You will notice the text is printed in grey ink, but the frames and borders are printed in black. The devotee is supposed to fill in the characters with a black or blue pen, thereby copying the sutra, and in doing so gaining good Karma.  

Below is the previous two pages of the book, which shows the process. Two lines on the right are filled in, the rest are yet to be completed by the devotee.

Note: The texts on these two pages are not the Infinite Life Sutra proper, but two short invocations, 
"Praise for the incense burner" and "Praise for the Lotus Pool". These are often found before buddhist texts...

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These sutras reveal rather curious features of the written word in Chinese religion. In a certain sense, the Devotee's participation in the text is redundant--The text of the sutras as printed is not illegible, and can be read as-is.  However, because the letters are grey, the book is implicitly incomplete. By filling in the letters, the devotee completes the text by making its characters more manifest. This is a more interactive experience.

 The text becomes a platform for, and an aid to performance of piety. Meetings with persons educated in the traditional Chinese way also speak of the virtues of copying, as an aid to memorization-- another plus point.

In Sutras especially, aids would be appreciated. Sutras contain many obscure and complex Chinese characters. Persons with ordinary penmanship skills might be intimidated by unaided copying. They may write it inelegantly, or forget how to do so entirely. The copyist also risks errors -- The book is 140 pages long. Such errors would surely generate bad karma, defeating the end of the believer. Better the security of a printed guide, and the merit of a manuscript act.

In some cases, the devotee's handiwork is an end to itself. The Chinese subtitle to this book is the 手抄本 Shou Chao ben-- Taken literally, it is "edition for copying".  However, these three characters in another context imply a Manuscript-- a text produced individually. Such texts have a layer of verisimilitude that a printed edition would lack, something the devotees would doubtless appreciate. That the edition is printed in Traditional Chinese Characters, adding another layer of uniqueness.

Likewise,  Chinese websites sell pieces of colored paper with the characters of the Sutra printed in pale ink. The devotee is intended to fill them in with gold ink. The resulting productions are extremely pleasing.
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These sutras have a rather unusual role. As of mid-2019, the sales of Buddhist books seem to have been banned on major Chinese online retailers like Taobao. Previously Sutras, both Taoist and Buddhist could be procured with great ease on that website-- even the products of the celebrated Jinling Buddhist Press in Nanjing. However, by June of 2019, all these were gone. Instead, the only Sutras available were ones that were printed like the one you see above-- with the characters printed out in gray ink. Evidently these were not religious books, but rather devotional aids-- which were still permitted to be sold. But only time will tell when this loophole would close again. 


Wednesday, 14 November 2018

Book Cover-- Guandi Mingshen zhenjing 關帝明聖真經

 Below is the cover of the Guandi Mingshen zhenjing 關帝明聖真經-- Lord Guan's true scripture. This book was found in 2018 in Singapore. There, it is a custom for religious books to be freely distributed to the Public. To that end, shelves are placed in public areas, for such books to be placed. The book below is one such example. 


The book is bound in the Traditional Chinese manner, with thread, and the delightful wrapping-paper cover glued to the spine to form a wrapper. The book's creator has written the title 關帝明聖真經--Lord Guan's true scripture in a neat hand. In a smaller hand, to the botton left of the book is written 贈送品--  For Free distribution. 



The book is attributed to Lord Guan. 關羽 Guan Yu , The celebrated Chinese general. He is depicted to the right in a frontispiece. These illustrations were probably taken from a printed book. 


The first page of the text

Now we come to the most astonishing feature of the book. The text of the book is a photocopy of a Manuscript. By contrast, most books distributed in such a manner are typeset, and printed by large printing-houses. The production of this book must certainty be a small, cottage operation, reflecting the devotion of its creator. 

The second and third text pages of the text

The faint black frame around the texts comes from the Chinese Foolscap paper, that the scribe used to write this book on. The consistency of the scribe's handwriting must be praised. 



In addition to the photocopied portions, one of the book's owners has added a section in manuscript, written in Blue ballpoint pen. These manuscript sections are presented above. They are short religious invocations

The author will, in a future post, upload scans of the entire book, in hope that its creator's singular act of devotion will be perpetuated, as well as to provide material for students of the Chinese Folk religion.

In the meanwhile, if any reader may provide a more precise description of the book's contents, the author will be most delight to receive it.

以上的文章是介紹一本手抄的《關帝明聖真經》。這本書是在新加坡發現到,如果有讀者有有關這本書的知識或資料,請通知筆者。 謝謝。